D3 (cholecalciferol) is the form naturally produced by the body from sunlight and found in animal-based sources; D2 (ergocalciferol) is typically plant-derived. D3 is generally considered more effective at raising and maintaining blood Vitamin D levels.

Folate is the naturally occurring form of Vitamin B9, found in leafy greens and other foods. Folic acid is the synthetic form used in supplements, which the body converts into the active form of folate.

A 5mg dose is a higher strength typically recommended by a healthcare professional for specific circumstances — standard supplementary doses are usually much lower (400mcg).